"-ty" meaning in Old Polish

See -ty in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /ti/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /ti/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE)
Etymology: Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tas Proto-Slavic *-tъ Old Polish -ty Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-tъ. Etymology templates: {{etymon|zlw-opl|:inh|sla-pro:*-tъ<id:deverbal>|id=participle|text=+|tree=+}} Etymology tree Proto-Indo-European *-tós Proto-Balto-Slavic *-tas Proto-Slavic *-tъ Old Polish -ty [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Balto-Slavic", "term" : "*-tas", "status" : "inline", "lang" : "ine-bsl-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Slavic", "term" : "*-tъ", "lang" : "sla-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "-ty", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }" data-id="participle" data-lang="zlw-opl" data-title="-ty" id="Old_Polish:_participle"> Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-tъ. Head templates: {{head|zlw-opl|suffix}} -ty Inflection templates: {{pl-adecl}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -ty [error-unrecognized-form, masculine, singular], -ta [error-unrecognized-form, feminine, singular], -te [error-unrecognized-form, neuter, singular], -ci [error-unrecognized-form, plural, virile], -te [error-unrecognized-form, plural], -tego [genitive, masculine, singular], -tej [feminine, genitive, singular], -tego [genitive, neuter, singular], -tych [error-unrecognized-form, genitive, plural], -tych [genitive, plural, virile], -temu [dative, masculine, singular], -tej [dative, feminine, singular], -temu [dative, neuter, singular], -tym [dative, error-unrecognized-form, plural], -tym [dative, plural, virile], -tego [accusative, animate, masculine, singular], -ty [accusative, inanimate, masculine, singular], -tą [accusative, feminine, singular], -te [accusative, neuter, singular], -tych [accusative, plural, virile], -te [accusative, error-unrecognized-form, plural], -tym [instrumental, masculine, singular], -tą [feminine, instrumental, singular], -tym [instrumental, neuter, singular], -tymi [error-unrecognized-form, instrumental, plural], -tymi [instrumental, plural, virile], -tym [locative, masculine, singular], -tej [feminine, locative, singular], -tym [locative, neuter, singular], -tych [error-unrecognized-form, locative, plural], -tych [locative, plural, virile]
  1. forms passive participles of simple -i, -y, -u or -ą stems (or verbs with the suffix -nąć) and causes apophony of ą→ę Tags: morpheme
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "-ty"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*-tъ<id:deverbal>",
        "id": "participle",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tas\nProto-Slavic *-tъ\nOld Polish -ty\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-tas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-tъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ty\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"participle\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"-ty\" id=\"Old_Polish:_participle\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-tъ.",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tas\nProto-Slavic *-tъ\nOld Polish -ty\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-tъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ci",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-temu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-temu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 6 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "odewrzeć + -ty → otwarty",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms passive participles of simple -i, -y, -u or -ą stems (or verbs with the suffix -nąć) and causes apophony of ą→ę"
      ],
      "id": "en--ty-zlw-opl-suffix-CZWqs1r3",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ti/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ti/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ty"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "-ty"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "sla-pro:*-tъ<id:deverbal>",
        "id": "participle",
        "text": "+",
        "tree": "+"
      },
      "expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tas\nProto-Slavic *-tъ\nOld Polish -ty\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-tas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-tъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ty\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-id=\"participle\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"-ty\" id=\"Old_Polish:_participle\">\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-tъ.",
      "name": "etymon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-tas\nProto-Slavic *-tъ\nOld Polish -ty\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-tъ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "pl-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ci",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-temu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-temu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tego",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "animate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ty",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "inanimate",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tymi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tej",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tym",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tych",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural",
        "virile"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zlw-opl",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-ty",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "pl-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
        "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
        "Old Polish entries with etymon",
        "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Polish lemmas",
        "Old Polish suffixes",
        "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
        "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
        "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 6 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon",
        "Polish hard adjectives"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "odewrzeć + -ty → otwarty",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "forms passive participles of simple -i, -y, -u or -ą stems (or verbs with the suffix -nąć) and causes apophony of ą→ę"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ti/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ti/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ty"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -ty meaning in Old Polish (5.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'non-virile'",
  "path": [
    "-ty"
  ],
  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ty",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative/vocative'",
  "path": [
    "-ty"
  ],
  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "suffix",
  "title": "-ty",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.